CREDITS TO :
HTTP://WWW.GOOGLE.COM where in me and my
system groups made this project entitled "Interactive
Computer Aided Instructions for Biology in Francisco Adlaon Learning Institute
Subject for Second Year Level" This project is for the
fulfillment on our school Davao del Norte State
College (DNSC).
All the interactive game's that we
attach in this system came from www.google.com search engine, lots of website
is visit to come up with this project.
Here is our Documentation:
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the project
Technology in the information
revolution has provided many unique benefits to Instructional programs. It also
creates an educational learning strategy that is used by the students to
enhance, improve and evaluate their capabilities. Today, a wide variety of
Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) software is available in different subject
matters from pre-school to adult learning.
Although the use of computers is
not new, CAI is still a popular and common terminology in today’s educational
institutions and schooling process. CAI provides an instructional interaction
between the learner and the computer in a variety of contents with or without
the assistance of a teacher.
Some of U.S studies have shown that
the usage of CAI in teaching and learning improves the performance of the
students that serves as their respondents. In
the Philippines, computer literacy is being implemented to public and private
schools through the administration of the Department of Education and some
other private sectors. At present, most schools in the country have been using
computers on their classes. Educational institution also uses CAI in the
delivery of lessons including high schools and colleges.
Francisco Adlaon Learning Institute
is a non-sectarian and private educational institution with permit to operate
for pre-school, elementary and secondary programs respectively. Discussing of
lessons, giving some assignments, quizzes, activities and some project to be
passed on the scheduled date and distributing some topics to be reported in the
next day are usual activities that the teacher performed inside the class.
Teachers also find difficulties in
getting
student’s attention. Below are the following problems encountered by the
teachers during their classes:
1.
Some students are not interested on the subject because of common methodology
used by some subject teachers like doing seatwork, lectures, and other
activities performed in a class.
2.
Actual illustrations can be difficult to obtain in the subject biology.
3.
Some materials that will be use during laboratory time are much expensive like
skeleton system and other artificial representation that is involved in the
subject.
The project is to develop an
interactive computer-aided instructional for Biology subject in Francisco
Adlaon Learning Institute for the second year level.
Objectives of the project
General
objective:
The
project aims to develop an interactive CAI for Biology subject of Francisco
Adlaon Learning Institute for second year level.
Specific
objectives:
1. Integrate
graphics, animation, images and video clips that allow students to learn the
basic concepts in Biology.
2. Randomized
chapter quizzes that are related to the subject such as; multiple choice,
true/false, identification.
3. Provide
teacher’s and student’s account.
4. View
student’s scores/result in quiz.
5. Provide
instructional games related to the subject to be performed by the student.
6. Generate
quiz results.
Significance of the project
This project would be significant to
the following:
Students. Students will be able to have more
interest on the subject matter because of interactive media. Hence, improve
student learning.
Teachers. They can teach more clearly to the
students because of the actual illustrations.
Researchers. One of their requirements to get
the degree, must passed the requirement which is a system project to be
implemented in their chosen agency. They will improve their skills on
programming as well as analyzing systems. Also, it can help other researchers
to get some idea in this project.
Scope
and Limitations
The project is
to develop an interactive computer-aided instructional material for Biology
subject. It will be implemented in all second year level of Francisco Adlaon
Learning Institute. This project also integrates graphics, animation, video
images and video clips into multimedia packages that allow students to learn
the basic concepts in Biology subject through illustrations. There will be
chapter quizzes that are related to the subject such as; multiple choice,
true/false, fill in the blanks, identification.
The students can go back to the previous questions and change their
answers. They can view the results of their quiz after they completely answer
the question. It is also a network-based system. It provides games for the
student.
A chapter
randomized quizzes is still provided to allow the students to take self
exercises. However, it does not include examination test every grading exam.
Students are
not allowed to add and delete questions and other activities that are posted in
the project.
The proposed
project will not include the general average of the student to compute their
grades in the subject. It should only generate the scores they get from the
quizzes.
Operational
terms
Biology. It is a scientific study of life and of living organisms.
Botany, zoology, and ecology are all branches of biology. It is also the
science subject for all second year student of Francisco Adlaon Learning
Institute.
Computer-Aided
Instruction. A kind of tutorial implication in which a
Computer helps
the learner(s) to present material and acts as a tutor. Using a branching model
of lessons in this process, the computer presents information, asks questions,
and gives feedback.
Interactive. Is a computer science of
or relating to a program that responds to user activity.
Students.
These are the second year student of
Francisco Adlaon Learning Institute taking up Biology subject.
Teachers.
One who explain and discusses about
the subject matter to the students.
Multimedia.
These are media and content that use
a combination of different forms such as: graphics, animation, video images and
video clips.
Instructional games
.Provide content in a game environment. The main purpose of the
game
is to teach and reinforce the content. This process is determined by a set of
rules and the learner must be very competitive to reach target outcomes.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND WORKS
This chapter contains
the review of related literature, studies and works that aims to support the
current study of the developers’ additional awareness, information and
understanding of the Computer-Aided-Instructional system with educational
gaming exercises and activities.
Related Literature
Computer Aided Instruction is an instruction material
presented by a computer. Computer Aided Instructions either present information
or fill a tutorial role and testing the student for comprehension. By providing
one-on-one interaction and producing immediate response to input answers.
Computer Aided Instruction allows users to demonstrate mastery and learn new
material at their own pace.
Computer-Aided-Instruction
based tools and applications are used to assist
the teacher, students or school administrator in the management of the learner
and instructional process. Although computer-assisted teaching can offer students who have limited computer skills an opportunity to
increase their comfort level with computers,
teachers ought to be prepared for a steep classroom learning curve if their
students are not adept at using the equipment and navigating online
(http://wiseGeek.com) (Retrieved: January 27, 2013)
In national aspect,
the Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) as a new face in teaching does not phase
out pure lectures, but it welcomes opportunities to academic augmentation.
It offers various entries of improvement – from lectures to visually supported
teaching instructions. Moreover, whatever changes come half the way in the
Philippine educational system, the answer is not to ignore these changes, but
rather to camouflage within them (http://WikiEducator.htm)
(Retrieved: January 27, 2013).
Since CAI is the first step,
the second step towards enhancement in learning process is the application of
interactive games and relating it to education. Thus these come up with the
term of educational game. Those are games that are designed to teach people about certain subjects, expand
concepts, reinforce development, understand an historical event or culture, or
assist them in learning a skill as they play. Game types include board, card,
and video games. Educational games are defined as Individual or group
games that have cognitive, social, behavioral, and/or emotional, etc.,
dimensions which are related to educational objectives (http://Wikipedia.com) (Retrieved:
January 27, 2013).
The research study conducted in 2009 shows that the
children who spent more time playing interactive games were more competent to
object controlled skills (i.e. kicking, catching, rolling and bouncing a
ball).Thus the results shows that object controlled motor skills were better in
the children who played interactive games (Psychology& Psychiatry) (Retrieved: January 27, 2013).
Hence
it shows that Computer-Aided-Instruction and interactive game aims to achieve
the end product of educational innovation which is to impart not just an
ordinary knowledge and learning but rather the one that we can call “Quality
Education”. In this part plays the role of the work and studies that the
current researchers are conducting and that is to produce a
Computer-Aided-Instruction with the touch of educational game to impart
knowledge while developing not only the learning process of the students but
also their skills like the above mentioned motor skill.
Related Works
Quiz
Software
Question Writer supports
multiple choice, multiple responses, true/false, fill in the blank, matching,
sequencing, and essay questions. You can provide explanations for correct and
incorrect answers, and give partial credit to answers. For each question, you
can display a title, the number of points, an image, audio, video and Flash
content. Use random question selection and ordering to make the quiz different
each time. Add questions to different groups to balance the quiz with a set
number asked from each group. Provide question-level, answer-level, or
quiz-level feedback, and deliver the feedback at question time, answer time, or
at the end of the quiz. Test results can be viewed online, or emailed to
instructors. ( http://www.questionwriter.com/quiz-software.html)
Figure 1: Interface
Edmodo
Edmodo is a social learning platform for teachers, students, and
parents.
Design
Edmodo utilizes a design similar to Facebook, and provides teachers and students a secure place to
connect, collaborate and share content. Teachers are also able to post grades,
assignments and quizzes to students. Students can submit homework and view
their grades and any comments the teacher may have posted about their
assignment. Teachers can also create polls and post topics for discussion among
the students. Teachers can differentiate and individualize learning through the
creation of sub-groups within a course.
Other
Features
Groups
are private sections in Edmodo created by the teacher to be able to communicate
with just that class and parents. Students have to have a code to join the
group. Security, in an attempt to prevent outsiders from joining school
networks, Edmodo provides special codes to schools and classes. These codes are
given to students and are necessary to join groups. The company has recently
enhanced the security of the Edmodo service by implementing SQL injection protection to prevent unauthorized access to the
website's resources and database (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmodo)
(Retrieve: January 30, 2013).
Figure
2: Login page
Figure
3: Home page of Teacher’s account
EDIBON
(Technical
Teaching Equipment)
The Computer Aided Instruction
Software System is a complete package that explains how to do a proper use of
EDIBON’s unit.
Features
In Classroom Management
Software (Instructor Software) the
Teacher has a whole range of options, among them: Organize Students by Classes
and Groups, create easily new entries or delete them, create data bases with
student information, analyze results and make statistical comparisons, generate
and Print reports, develop own examinations, detect student’s progress and
difficulties, and many other facilities, the Instructor Software working in
network configuration allows controlling all the students in the classroom. Computer Aided Instruction Software (Student
Software), it explains how to use the unit, run the experiments and what
to do at any moment, the options are presented by pull-down menus and pop-up
windows, and the Software Package contains: theory and lessons, exercises, and
guided practices exams.
Figure 4: Menu in student’s
module
Figure 5: Student’s module Lesson and Theory
Encarta
Microsoft
Encarta was
a digital multimedia encyclopedia published by Microsoft Corporation from 1993 to 2009. As of 2008, the complete English
version, Encarta Premium, consisted of more than 62,000
articles, numerous photos and illustrations, music clips, videos, interactive
contents, timelines, maps & atlas and homework
tools. It was available on the World Wide Web by yearly subscription or by
purchase on DVD or multiple CDs.
Features
Encarta
includes a trivia game called "MindMaze"
(accessible through Ctrl+Z) in which the player explores a castle by answering
questions whose answers can be found in the encyclopedia's articles. There is
also a Geography Quiz and several other games and quizzes,
some quizzes also in Encarta Kids.
Figure
6: Home menu of Encarta
Synthesis
Computer-based
educational materials that take full advantage of multimedia are starting to
emerge. Multimedia presentations allow students to interact with information in
a variety of ways. These computer-based instructional materials integrate
graphics, animation, video images and video clips into multimedia packages that
allow students to learn the basic concepts in biology through exploration of
actual illustrations. Visualization of the objects will greatly enhance the student’s
understanding and appreciation of the activities that will be provided, includes animations, interactive activities, and
cartoons designed to make learning biology a richer, more engaging experience.
Like for example, a virtual tour of the human
body. Detailed descriptions, animations, images, and narrated tours present the
brain, skeleton, heart, and digestive tract in an informative way.
Some features of the said related works can
help to produce the project system. One of the features in Quiz software that
will be about to produce in the project have a multiple
choice, true/false, fill in the blank. For each question, you can display the
number of points, an image, video and flash content. In
the Edmodo, teachers are able to post grades and quizzes to students. Students
can view their grades and they can also view the embedded video clips. We are
also planning to have module for the
player or user that contains:
lessons, exercises that can be found in Edibon software. And lastly, we include games and quizzes
by levels like in Encarta.
Chapter
3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed all the methods and
processes that will be used for the improvement of the study into valuable
information. It showed the whole representation conducted in order to reach the
objectives of the project.
A. Systems
Planning and Selection
The researchers conducted an interview with Mr. Reggy
Paring, a biology teacher in Francisco Adlaon Learning Institute on December
05, 2012 with the school principal and at the same time the owner of the
institution who is Engr. Rudy G. Adlaon and collected some important
information of the processes with their daily activities. During the interview
the researchers observed that some students are not interested on the subject
because of common methodology used by some subject teachers like doing
seatwork, lectures, and other activities performed in a class. Actual
illustrations in the subject biology can be difficult to obtain. And some
materials that will be use during laboratory time are much expensive like
skeleton system and other artificial representation that is involved in the
subject. In this case, the researchers suggested to produce a computer aided
instruction to help enhance the learning and teaching procedure of the
institution. The researchers suggested the development of an interactive or
integrated computer aided instruction specifically for the Biology subject.
B. Systems
Analysis
The researchers gathered information about the subject
matter on January 23, 2012 so that the researchers will have references for the
project after they have conduct interview from a subject teacher. The
developers gathered to discuss, analyze and solve the problems and requirements
of the said system. This will guide the developers to know the necessities in
doing the software which will provide quizzes for the student’s activities. It
also contains videos, images and lessons for the chapter topics they have to
learn from the subject. And lastly, it provides games so that students will not
getting bored inside the class. This will help the students to give some
interest in the subject.
Requirement specifications include documentation such as
background of the project, the objectives, significance of the project and
scope and limitation, and also, the letter for interview, environmental scanning,
appreciation letter and all the requirements specifications that serve as a
strong basis for the employment of the project will supply its discrepancy in the success of the project.
C. System
Design
In this part,
the developers make forms to be used for the system and the features as well as
the processes. They created a Context Flow Diagram (CFD) to organize the scope
and limitation to be considered in making the system; they also formulated and
designed a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) to illustrate the systems’ main processes;
and finally they come up with an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) that
contains tables, relationships and keys that they will be using for the system
production.
The developers are coding the design, features, and
process of the system with the help of the software they used XAMPP and MySQL
for the designing the database for the said system, HTML5 Adobe Flash and Adobe
Photoshop CS5 for the logos, background pictures, animations and other graphics
involved in the project in terms of the physical design in the system will be
partly handled by the software, and lastly the Sublime, Php and Wysiwyg for
coding the web part of the system.
D. System
Implementation and Operation
The developers will be implementing a system project at
Francisco Adlaon Learning Institute’s computer laboratory that is consisting of
almost thirty numbers of computer units. The laboratory is well equipped to
support the needs of the system that is currently on its developing process.
And also, the developers present the output to the panels’ critics for
suggestions, recommendations, and corrections for the improvement and
development of the system. The researchers noted all suggestions and
recommendations for the application accuracy of the system. Thus, the
constructions of the system free from error and ready to be implemented in the
cooperative.
Chapter
4
TECHNOLOGICAL
BACKGROUND
This chapter presents
the technological background of the project which shows the features of the
software that are being used in creating the system.
XAMPP
Xampp is a free, cross-platform
standalone server that is regularly updated to integrate the latest releases of
Apache, MySQL, PHP and Perl. It also comes with a number of other modules including OpenSSL and
phpMyAdmin. It only requires only one zip, tar or exe file to be downloaded and
run, and little or no configuration of the various components that make up the
web server is required. And it can exist
on a single computer, and can be copied from one computer to another.
. Figure 1.
Xampp Control Panel Window
Its philosophy is to build
an easy to install distribution for website designers and programmers to test
their work on their own computers without any access to the internet. XAMPP is
sometimes used to actually serve web pages on the World Wide Web. It is a
compilation of a free software(comparable to linux contribution), its free of
charge and free to copy under the license term of GNU General Public
License. MySQL
MySQL is an open source database that have been developed,
distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. It provides server as a
separate program to use in client/server networked environment. It also provide a transactional storage
engine that can provide automatic recovery of data and non-transactional
storage engine for a less memory required perform updates. The MySQL database
server has a capacity to handle deeply embedded applications in only 1MB to
consecutively huge data warehouses holding terabytes of information.
Figure 2. MySQL query browser
It allows full customization for unique requirements. MySQL
provides mechanisms for ensuring only authorized users have entry to the
database server, with the ability to block users down to the client machine
level being possible. A smooth structure and powerful data encryption and
decryption functions ensure that sensitive data is protected from unauthorized
viewing. MySQL also have a comprehensive support for every application
development need that might help user in making a system, like plug-in libraries,
stored procedures, triggers, functions and more. And it doesn’t matter what
programming language the user might be using. (http://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/topreasons.html)
SUBLIME
Sublime Text is a cross-platform text and source code editor, with a Python API. Its
functionality is also extendable with sublime-packages. Sublime Text is not an
open source software or free software, but some of the extending packages have
free-software licenses and are community-built and maintained. Sublime Text has a number of features like
column selection and multi-select editing, auto completion, in-editor code
building, goto anything, snippets, auto save and etc.
Figure 3. Sublime text interface
Column
selection and multi-select editing that allows users select entire columns at
once or place more than one cursor in text, which allows for simultaneous
editing. Auto completion is a common feature in Sublime Text that
auto-completes variables created by the user. In-editor code building allows users
to run code for definite languages which eliminates the need to switch out to
the command line and back again. Goto anything is a navigation tool that allows
users to move between files and also within them. Snippets allow users to save
blocks that often used code and assign keywords to them. Auto save which prevents
users from losing their work. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublime_Text)
Adobe Flash Professional
Adobe Flash Professional is
a multimedia authoring program used to create content for the Adobe Engagement Platform, such as web applications, games and
movies, and content for mobile phones and other embedded devices. Flash CS3 is the first
version of Flash released under the Adobe name. CS3 features full support for
ActionScript 3.0, allows entire applications to be converted into ActionScript,
adds better integration with other Adobe products such as Adobe Photoshop, and also provides better
Vector drawing behavior, becoming more like Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Fireworks.
Figure
6. Adobe Flash Professional CS3
Adobe Flash CS3 Professional features
powerful new functionality that makes it even more enjoyable to create truly
engaging interactive content. Advanced design and animation tools provide
greater flexibility to express your most creative ideas, new ActionScript
programming features make for an even more productive development environment,
and impressive integration with other Adobe design and development software
improves productivity.
Adobe
Photoshop CS5
Adobe Photoshop CS5 is
a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. Adobe's 2003 "Creative
Suite" rebranding led to
Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. With Adobe Photoshop CS5,
the user can create an eye-catching image.
Figure 4: Adobe Photoshop CS5
PHP
(Hypertext Preprocessor)
PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor that is
a widely-used, open source scripting language and PHP. It is free to use and
download. PHP files can contain text, HTML, JavaScript code, and PHP code. PHP
codes are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as
plain HTML. PHP files have a default file extension of ".php".
Figure
6. PHP in Sublime
PHP can generate dynamic page content, can
create, open, read, write, and close files on the server, can send and receive
cookies, can add, delete, modify data in database, and can restrict users to
access some pages on website. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You
can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies. You can also output any
text, such as XHTML and XML.PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux,
Unix, Mac OS X, etc.). PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today
(Apache, IIS, etc.). PHP has support for a wide range of databases. (http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp)
HTML5
is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web and a core technology of the Internet. It is the fifth revision
of the HTML standard (created in 1990 and standardized as HTML 4 as of 1997)] and, as of December 2012, is a candidate recommendationof the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Its core aims have
been to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia while
keeping it easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers
and devices
Some of the most interesting new features in HTML5:
- The <canvas> element for 2D drawing
- The <video> and <audio> elements for media playback
- Support for local storage
- New content-specific elements, like <article>, <footer>, <header>, <nav>, <section>
WYSIWYG
WYSIWYG pronounced as WIZ-zee-wig,
short for what you see is what you get. It is
an application that enables you to see on the display screen exactly what will
appear when the document is printed. This differs, for example, from word
processors that are incapable of displaying different fonts and graphics on
the display screen even though the formatting codes have been inserted
into the file.
WYSIWYG applications are more WYSIWYG than others. For example, many desktop
publishing systems
print text using outline
fonts (PostScript
fonts, for example). Many of these systems, however, use corresponding bit-mapped
fonts to display documents on
a monitor.
What you see on the display screen, therefore, is not exactly what you see when
you print out the document. In addition, standard laser
printers have a resolution of
at least 300 dpi,
whereas even the best graphics
monitors have resolutions of only 100 dpi. Graphics and text,
therefore, always look sharper when printed than they do on the display screen.
And colors often appear differently on a monitor than they do when printed out.
s
(http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WYSIWYG.html)
